com.esri.arcgis.geodatabase
Class CodedValueDomain

java.lang.Object
  com.esri.arcgis.geodatabase.CodedValueDomain

All Implemented Interfaces:

IClone, ICodedValueDomain, IDomain, IPersist, IPersistStream, ISchemaLock, IXMLSerialize, java.io.Serializable

public class CodedValueDomain

extends java.lang.Object

implements IDomain, ICodedValueDomain, IClone, IPersist, IPersistStream, ISchemaLock, IXMLSerialize

ESRI Attribute set constraint object.

Product Availability

Available with ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS Desktop, and ArcGIS Server.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

CodedValueDomain maintains information about the coded values belonging to this coded value domain.

See Also:

Serialized Form

Constructor Summary

CodedValueDomain()
Constructs a CodedValueDomain using ArcGIS Engine.

CodedValueDomain(java.lang.Object obj)
Deprecated. As of ArcGIS 9.2, replaced by normal Java casts.

Method Summary

void	addCode(java.lang.Object value, java.lang.String name) Adds a (value, name) code.
void	assign(IClone src) Assigns the properties of src to the receiver.
void	changeSchemaLock(int schemaLock) Changes a schema lock.
void	deleteCode(java.lang.Object value) Deletes a code with the specified value.
void	deserialize(IXMLSerializeData data) Deserializes an object from XML.
boolean	equals(java.lang.Object o) Compare this object with another
IClone	esri_clone() Clones the receiver and assigns the result to *clone.
IClone	getAsIClone() Deprecated. No replacement. The object reference can be directly used where the implemented interface is needed.
ICodedValueDomain	getAsICodedValueDomain() Deprecated. No replacement. The object reference can be directly used where the implemented interface is needed.
IDomain	getAsIDomain() Deprecated. No replacement. The object reference can be directly used where the implemented interface is needed.
IPersist	getAsIPersist() Deprecated. No replacement. The object reference can be directly used where the implemented interface is needed.
IPersistStream	getAsIPersistStream() Deprecated. No replacement. The object reference can be directly used where the implemented interface is needed.
ISchemaLock	getAsISchemaLock() Deprecated. No replacement. The object reference can be directly used where the implemented interface is needed.
IXMLSerialize	getAsIXMLSerialize() Deprecated. No replacement. The object reference can be directly used where the implemented interface is needed.
void	getClassID(GUID[] pClassID) Supported Platforms
static java.lang.String	getClsid()
int	getCodeCount() The number of codes for the associated attribute.
void	getCurrentSchemaLocks(IEnumSchemaLockInfo[] schemaLockInfo) The list of current locks.
java.lang.String	getDescription() The description of the domain.
int	getDomainID() The ID of the domain.
int	getFieldType() The field type of the field.
int	getMergePolicy() The merge policy.
java.lang.String	getName() The name of the domain.
java.lang.String	getName(int index) The code name for the specified code index.
java.lang.String	getOwner() The owner of the domain.
void	getSizeMax(_ULARGE_INTEGER[] pcbSize) Supported Platforms
int	getSplitPolicy() The split policy.
int	getType() The domain type.
java.lang.Object	getValue(int index) The value for the specified code index.
int	hashCode() the hashcode for this object
void	isDirty() Supported Platforms
boolean	isEqual(IClone other) Returns TRUE when the receiver and other have the same properties.
boolean	isIdentical(IClone other) Returns TRUE when the receiver and other are the same object.
void	load(IStream pstm) Supported Platforms
boolean	memberOf(java.lang.Object value) Indicates whether the value is a valid member of the domain.
void	save(IStream pstm, int fClearDirty) Supported Platforms
void	serialize(IXMLSerializeData data) Serializes an object to XML.
void	setDescription(java.lang.String description) The description of the domain.
void	setDomainID(int iD) The ID of the domain.
void	setFieldType(int fieldType) The field type of the field.
void	setMergePolicy(int policy) The merge policy.
void	setName(java.lang.String name) The name of the domain.
void	setOwner(java.lang.String owner) The owner of the domain.
void	setSplitPolicy(int policy) The split policy.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail

CodedValueDomain

public CodedValueDomain()
                 throws java.io.IOException,
                        java.net.UnknownHostException

Constructs a CodedValueDomain using ArcGIS Engine.

Throws:

java.io.IOException - if there are interop problems

java.net.UnknownHostException - if there are interop problems

CodedValueDomain

public CodedValueDomain(java.lang.Object obj)
                 throws java.io.IOException

Deprecated. As of ArcGIS 9.2, replaced by normal Java casts.

Construct a CodedValueDomain using a reference to such an object returned from ArcGIS Engine or Server. This is semantically equivalent to casting obj to CodedValueDomain.
CodedValueDomain theCodedValueDomain = (CodedValueDomain) obj;

Parameters:

obj - an object returned from ArcGIS Engine or Server

Throws:

java.io.IOException - if there are interop problems

Method Detail

getClsid

public static java.lang.String getClsid()

getAsIDomain

public IDomain getAsIDomain()

Deprecated. No replacement. The object reference can be directly used where the implemented interface is needed.

getAsICodedValueDomain

public ICodedValueDomain getAsICodedValueDomain()

Deprecated. No replacement. The object reference can be directly used where the implemented interface is needed.

getAsIClone

public IClone getAsIClone()

Deprecated. No replacement. The object reference can be directly used where the implemented interface is needed.

getAsIPersist

public IPersist getAsIPersist()

Deprecated. No replacement. The object reference can be directly used where the implemented interface is needed.

getAsIPersistStream

public IPersistStream getAsIPersistStream()

Deprecated. No replacement. The object reference can be directly used where the implemented interface is needed.

getAsISchemaLock

public ISchemaLock getAsISchemaLock()

Deprecated. No replacement. The object reference can be directly used where the implemented interface is needed.

getAsIXMLSerialize

public IXMLSerialize getAsIXMLSerialize()

Deprecated. No replacement. The object reference can be directly used where the implemented interface is needed.

equals

public boolean equals(java.lang.Object o)

Compare this object with another

hashCode

public int hashCode()

the hashcode for this object

getDomainID

public int getDomainID()
                throws java.io.IOException,
                       AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

The ID of the domain.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

DomainID property returns the ID for the specified domain.

Remarks

This property returns the internal ID of the domain as a Long .

Specified by:

getDomainID in interface IDomain

Returns:

The iD

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

setDomainID

public void setDomainID(int iD)
                 throws java.io.IOException,
                        AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

The ID of the domain.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

DomainID property sets the ID for the current domain.

Specified by:

setDomainID in interface IDomain

Parameters:

iD - The iD (in)

Throws:

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

getDescription

public java.lang.String getDescription()
                                throws java.io.IOException,
                                       AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

The description of the domain.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

Description property returns the description for the specified domain.

Remarks

This property returns the description for the domain object. Descriptions are strings that can be up to 32 characters long.

Specified by:

getDescription in interface IDomain

Returns:

The description

Throws:

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

setDescription

public void setDescription(java.lang.String description)
                    throws java.io.IOException,
                           AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

The description of the domain.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

Description property sets the description for the specified domain.

Remarks

This property sets the description for the domain object. The description is a string that can be up to 32 characters long.

Specified by:

setDescription in interface IDomain

Parameters:

description - The description (in)

Throws:

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

getFieldType

public int getFieldType()
                 throws java.io.IOException,
                        AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

The field type of the field.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

FieldType returns the esriFieldType that the specified domain applies to.

Specified by:

getFieldType in interface IDomain

Returns:

A com.esri.arcgis.geodatabase.esriFieldType constant

Throws:

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

setFieldType

public void setFieldType(int fieldType)
                  throws java.io.IOException,
                         AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

The field type of the field.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

FieldType sets the esriFieldType that the specified domain applies to.

Remarks

This property sets the type of field that the domain applies to, and therefore what fields for a subtype that you can associate the domain to. The field type is an esriFieldType enumeration.

Specified by:

setFieldType in interface IDomain

Parameters:

fieldType - A com.esri.arcgis.geodatabase.esriFieldType constant (in)

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

getMergePolicy

public int getMergePolicy()
                   throws java.io.IOException,
                          AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

The merge policy.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

MergePolicy returns the merge policy for the specified domain.

Remarks

This property sets or returns the merge policy for the domain object. The merge policy describes what happens to the values of the field that the domain is applied to when two objects are merged into a single object. The merge policy is an esriMergePolicyType enumeration.

Specified by:

getMergePolicy in interface IDomain

Returns:

A com.esri.arcgis.geodatabase.esriMergePolicyType constant

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

setMergePolicy

public void setMergePolicy(int policy)
                    throws java.io.IOException,
                           AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

The merge policy.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

MergePolicy sets the merge policy for the specified domain.

Remarks

This property sets the merge policy for the domain object. The merge policy describes what happens to the values of the field that the domain is applied to when two objects are merged into a single object.

Specified by:

setMergePolicy in interface IDomain

Parameters:

policy - A com.esri.arcgis.geodatabase.esriMergePolicyType constant (in)

Throws:

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

getSplitPolicy

public int getSplitPolicy()
                   throws java.io.IOException,
                          AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

The split policy.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

SplitPolicy returns the split policy set for the specified domain.

Remarks

This property returns the split policy for the domain object. The split policy describes what happens to the values of the field that the domain is applied to when an object is split into two objects. The split policy is an esriSplitPolicyType enumeration.

Specified by:

getSplitPolicy in interface IDomain

Returns:

A com.esri.arcgis.geodatabase.esriSplitPolicyType constant

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

setSplitPolicy

public void setSplitPolicy(int policy)
                    throws java.io.IOException,
                           AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

The split policy.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

SplitPolicy sets the split policy set for the specified domain.

Remarks

This property sets the split policy for the domain object. The split policy describes what happens to the values of the field that the domain is applied to when an object is split into two objects. The split policy is an esriSplitPolicyType enumeration.

Specified by:

setSplitPolicy in interface IDomain

Parameters:

policy - A com.esri.arcgis.geodatabase.esriSplitPolicyType constant (in)

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

getName

public java.lang.String getName()
                         throws java.io.IOException,
                                AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

The name of the domain.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

Name property returns the name of the specified domain.

Remarks

This property returns the name of the domain object. The domain name is a String the length of which is dependent on the underlying DBMS.

Specified by:

getName in interface IDomain

Returns:

The name

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

setName

public void setName(java.lang.String name)
             throws java.io.IOException,
                    AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

The name of the domain.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

Name property sets the name of the specified domain.

Remarks

This property sets the name of the domain object. The domain name is a String the length of which is dependent on the underlying DBMS.

Specified by:

setName in interface IDomain

Parameters:

name - The name (in)

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

getOwner

public java.lang.String getOwner()
                          throws java.io.IOException,
                                 AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

The owner of the domain.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

Owner returns the owner of the specified domain.

Remarks

This property returns the owner of the domain as a String . The owner is the DBMS user who created the domain. The domain owner is the only user who can succesfully delete a domain from the database.

Specified by:

getOwner in interface IDomain

Returns:

The owner

Throws:

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

setOwner

public void setOwner(java.lang.String owner)
              throws java.io.IOException,
                     AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

The owner of the domain.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

Owner property sets the owner for the specified domain.

Specified by:

setOwner in interface IDomain

Parameters:

owner - The owner (in)

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

getType

public int getType()
            throws java.io.IOException,
                   AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

The domain type.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

Type property returns the esriDomainType of the specified domain.

Remarks

Specified by:

getType in interface IDomain

Returns:

A com.esri.arcgis.geodatabase.esriDomainType constant

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

memberOf

public boolean memberOf(java.lang.Object value)
                 throws java.io.IOException,
                        AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IDomain

Indicates whether the value is a valid member of the domain.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

MemberOf function returns a boolean TRUE if the specified value is a member of this domain or FALSE if it is not.

Remarks

The MemberOf method will tell you if some value is a valid member of an attribute domain. Use this function to determine if some value is valid based on a domain. MemberOf returns a Boolean . If the value is not in the domain, it returns False . If the value is in the domain, it returns True .

Specified by:

memberOf in interface IDomain

Parameters:

value - A Variant (in)

Returns:

The isMember

Throws:

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

getCodeCount

public int getCodeCount()
                 throws java.io.IOException,
                        AutomationException

Description copied from interface: ICodedValueDomain

The number of codes for the associated attribute.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

CodeCount property returns the count of the number of codes belonging to this coded value domain as a long type.

Remarks

This property returns the number of valid coded values for the coded value domain. The return value is a Long.

Specified by:

getCodeCount in interface ICodedValueDomain

Returns:

The values

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

getName

public java.lang.String getName(int index)
                         throws java.io.IOException,
                                AutomationException

Description copied from interface: ICodedValueDomain

The code name for the specified code index.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

Name returns the name associated with a given coded value belonging to this domain by the index parameter passed in. The return value is a string type.

Remarks

This property returns the name of valid coded value for the ith coded value in the coded value domain, where i is the index of the coded value as a Long . The name is returned as a String .

Specified by:

getName in interface ICodedValueDomain

Parameters:

index - The index (in)

Returns:

The name

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

getValue

public java.lang.Object getValue(int index)
                          throws java.io.IOException,
                                 AutomationException

Description copied from interface: ICodedValueDomain

The value for the specified code index.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Remarks

This property returns the coded value for the specified position in the coded value domain.

The Object type returned depends on the field type which can be determined by calling IDomain::FieldType.

Specified by:

getValue in interface ICodedValueDomain

Parameters:

index - The index (in)

Returns:

A Variant

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

addCode

public void addCode(java.lang.Object value,
                    java.lang.String name)
             throws java.io.IOException,
                    AutomationException

Description copied from interface: ICodedValueDomain

Adds a (value, name) code.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

AddCode function adds the code to the other codes belonging to this domain by the value and name parameters passed in.

Remarks

The AddCode function adds a new coded value to the coded value domain. AddCode requires a value for the coded value as a Variant, and the name of the coded value, which is a user friendly description for that coded value, as a String.

Specified by:

addCode in interface ICodedValueDomain

Parameters:

value - A Variant (in)

name - The name (in)

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

deleteCode

public void deleteCode(java.lang.Object value)
                throws java.io.IOException,
                       AutomationException

Description copied from interface: ICodedValueDomain

Deletes a code with the specified value.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

DeleteCode function removes the coded value from this domain by the value parameter passed in.

Specified by:

deleteCode in interface ICodedValueDomain

Parameters:

value - A Variant (in)

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

esri_clone

public IClone esri_clone()
                  throws java.io.IOException,
                         AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IClone

Clones the receiver and assigns the result to *clone.

Specified by:

esri_clone in interface IClone

Returns:

A reference to a com.esri.arcgis.system.IClone

Throws:

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

assign

public void assign(IClone src)
            throws java.io.IOException,
                   AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IClone

Assigns the properties of src to the receiver.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

Use Assign method to assign the properties of source object to receiver object. Both objects need to have the same CLSIDs. Both source and receiver objects need to be instantiated.

Specified by:

assign in interface IClone

Parameters:

src - A reference to a com.esri.arcgis.system.IClone (in)

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

isEqual

public boolean isEqual(IClone other)
                throws java.io.IOException,
                       AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IClone

Returns TRUE when the receiver and other have the same properties.

Specified by:

isEqual in interface IClone

Parameters:

other - A reference to a com.esri.arcgis.system.IClone (in)

Returns:

The equal

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

isIdentical

public boolean isIdentical(IClone other)
                    throws java.io.IOException,
                           AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IClone

Returns TRUE when the receiver and other are the same object.

Specified by:

isIdentical in interface IClone

Parameters:

other - A reference to a com.esri.arcgis.system.IClone (in)

Returns:

The identical

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

getClassID

public void getClassID(GUID[] pClassID)
                throws java.io.IOException,
                       AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IPersist

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

IPersist is a Microsoft interface. Please refer to MSDN for information about this interface.

Specified by:

getClassID in interface IPersist

Parameters:

pClassID - A Structure: com.esri.arcgis.support.ms.stdole.GUID (out: use single element array)

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

isDirty

public void isDirty()
             throws java.io.IOException,
                    AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IPersistStream

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

IPersistStream is a Microsoft interface. Please refer to MSDN for information about this interface.

Specified by:

isDirty in interface IPersistStream

Throws:

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

load

public void load(IStream pstm)
          throws java.io.IOException,
                 AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IPersistStream

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

IPersistStream is a Microsoft interface. Please refer to MSDN for information about this interface.

Specified by:

load in interface IPersistStream

Parameters:

pstm - A reference to a com.esri.arcgis.system.IStream (in)

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

save

public void save(IStream pstm,
                 int fClearDirty)
          throws java.io.IOException,
                 AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IPersistStream

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

IPersistStream is a Microsoft interface. Please refer to MSDN for information about this interface.

Specified by:

save in interface IPersistStream

Parameters:

pstm - A reference to a com.esri.arcgis.system.IStream (in)

fClearDirty - The fClearDirty (in)

Throws:

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

getSizeMax

public void getSizeMax(_ULARGE_INTEGER[] pcbSize)
                throws java.io.IOException,
                       AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IPersistStream

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Description

IPersistStream is a Microsoft interface. Please refer to MSDN for information about this interface.

Specified by:

getSizeMax in interface IPersistStream

Parameters:

pcbSize - A Structure: com.esri.arcgis.system._ULARGE_INTEGER (out: use single element array)

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

changeSchemaLock

public void changeSchemaLock(int schemaLock)
                      throws java.io.IOException,
                             AutomationException

Description copied from interface: ISchemaLock

Changes a schema lock.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Specified by:

changeSchemaLock in interface ISchemaLock

Parameters:

schemaLock - A com.esri.arcgis.geodatabase.esriSchemaLock constant (in)

Throws:

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

getCurrentSchemaLocks

public void getCurrentSchemaLocks(IEnumSchemaLockInfo[] schemaLockInfo)
                           throws java.io.IOException,
                                  AutomationException

Description copied from interface: ISchemaLock

The list of current locks.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Remarks

Returns an enumeration of the schema locks currently on the dataset. Not that there will always be at least one schema lock on the dataset. By checking the schema locks on a dataset a shared schema lock is applied to the data.

Specified by:

getCurrentSchemaLocks in interface ISchemaLock

Parameters:

schemaLockInfo - A reference to a com.esri.arcgis.geodatabase.IEnumSchemaLockInfo (out: use single element array)

Throws:

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

serialize

public void serialize(IXMLSerializeData data)
               throws java.io.IOException,
                      AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IXMLSerialize

Serializes an object to XML.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Specified by:

serialize in interface IXMLSerialize

Parameters:

data - A reference to a com.esri.arcgis.system.IXMLSerializeData (in)

Throws:

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.

deserialize

public void deserialize(IXMLSerializeData data)
                 throws java.io.IOException,
                        AutomationException

Description copied from interface: IXMLSerialize

Deserializes an object from XML.

Supported Platforms

Windows, Solaris, Linux

Specified by:

deserialize in interface IXMLSerialize

Parameters:

data - A reference to a com.esri.arcgis.system.IXMLSerializeData (in)

Throws:

java.io.IOException - If there are interop problems.

AutomationException - If the ArcObject component throws an exception.